J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 7(10)11-19, 2017 | ISSN 2090-4304 |
Journal of Basic and Applied | |
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Department of General Studies, Polytechnic Hulu Terengganu, 21700 Kuala Berang, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Received: June 4, 2017 Accepted: August 19, 2017
This action research was conducted to identify the extent of acculturation reading of Quran among students from Polytechnic Hulu Terengganu. The respondents were among 49 students which are 33 female students and 16 male students from the Diploma in Accountancy and Diploma in Tourism Management semester 2, 2016. The objective of this action is to identify students basic knowledge about the practice of reading the Quran, identify role and factors the influence by cultural surroundings recitation and cultural of Koran reading among students. The method used was a quantitative method that led to the description percentages intended to identify the practice and environmental factors that affect the reading culture of Al-Quran among students. The data collection was gather through a set of survey questionnaire distributed to the students. The result from the implementation of the study found that, 49% of students do not know the laws of Tajweed contained in the Quran, 88% do not read the Quran every day, 64% would not be reading the Koran when their health condition are not permitted, 54% do not read Al-Quran as often feels lazy and 32% of students never finished reading the Koran even once in their life. Overall, it can be said that students have a good knowledge of the Koran and advantages available to it but the cultural level of reading the Quran among students was not satisfactory. The implementation of actions should be carried out within one semester. Actions plan was carried out such as the Basic Fardhu Ain Class (Al-Quran and Tajweed), Smart Camp Quran Program and establishing on appreciation Committee of Fardu Ain. The results found that an increased cultural in understanding and reading the Quran among students.
KEYWORDS: Culture, Koran, Students.
Al-Quran is the words of Allah which was revealed by Allah to the Prophet Muhammad, written in mashaf and sequential narration and read the prayer. It is the greatest miracle given to the Prophet Muhammad and a legacy to all Muslims around the world. In addition, the decline in the Quran which is the sign of recognition last post revelation to the Prophet Muhammad as a messenger and prophet of the end times. It becomes an argument and evidence of the truth brought by Prophet Muhammad.
Al-Quran in the language means a gathering or gathering. Al-Quran means the word of Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through Gabriel in Arabic and become a law unto men, guide them and be a guide to get closer to Him in trust and pray to Allah swt. It collected in a mashaf begin with the surah Al-Fatihah and end with Surah al-Nas. It was delivered to mankind consecutively reported from generation to generation either in writing or orally and maintained from any changes. In [11], Al-Quran was revealed by God to the Prophet Muhammad is to remove human beings from the natural darkness of ignorance to the path of truth and faith in Allah and the advanced civilization
Al-Quran by [2] also say that it is the holy book revealed by Allah to the Prophet Mohammed peace be upon him to serve as a guide to human life (the world and akhirat).
Al-Quran is the greatest miracle that will remain on the Day of Judgment. This miracle will prevail prowess when Muslims always read it and make the main reference in everyday life. Those who made the Quran as the main reading every time will the promised reward by Allah Almighty. For example, read each letter will count as ten rewards. This coincided with the words of the Prophet Muhammad which means: Whoever reads one letter of the Quran for him and the reward will be given ten plus ten more similar virtues. I do not say (alif, lam, mim) is a letter, but one letter Alif, Lam and Mim one letter one letter (hadith narrated by Tarmizi).
Al-Quran miracle of the greatest and eternal life serves as a reference, guide people to the right path and free mankind from the punishment. Book is revealed as the constitution of human life and the guidelines and instructions of all time. Each contents must be internalized and practiced with confidence without any doubt.
Corresponding Author: Abu Bakar Zakaria, Department of General Studies, Politeknik Hulu Terengganu, 21700 Kuala Berang, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, E-mail: abu.bakar@pht.edu.my
According to [9] mentioned that signs of Allah's power is twofold. One is the creation of the universe and the other is the verses of the Quran. It is the book which contains all the news is true, the news about the future that may not be known at this time but is expressed in the Quran.
What human duty now is to hold fast to the scriptures and to accept it as a living guidance. They also need to be confident that the Quran is not fictitious Prophet Muhammad and not the word of man rather it is the word of Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through Jibreel peace be upon him.
From the hadiths and verses of the Quran stated above, it is concluded that the Quran itself many advantages to it. We should all be able to allocate some time every day to read the Koran.
Culture of reading the Quran should be planted on each individual since childhood. It should involve all levels of society starting from the children, adolescents, adults up to the elderly. Advantages of people who read the Quran not only get a great reward from Allah Almighty but they will be able to make the Quran as guidance for life. According to [3] who on edge for anyone to read Al-Quran. Being a loss for those who do not know how to read the Quran also who can read the Koran but did not practice it. Messenger of Allah likens people do not read the Koran as dilapidated house (empty and bad)
This study was implemented from the observation and teaching experience of researchers in Hulu Terengganu Polytechnic and it is found that acculturation reading the Quran among students was not satisfactory. They not read the Koran without reasonable grounds. One of the reasons this happens is because of the lack of awareness to read the Koran and recite the Quran where some of them considers it trivial. In addition, there is no doubt that the students had substandard reading the Quran, not adapt at reading the Koran as the word cannot hide and do not read with perfect articulation. The problem was identified when researchers make a practical evaluation test of reading choice of surah for DAT2A students based on the DUA 2022 (Islamic Management) course syllabus.
Through interviews indirectly in the classroom for the last semesters, the reason often given by students was due to the lack of awareness and understanding of the benefits of reading the Quran which causes them to look down on the practice of reciting the Quran in their daily life. The attitude of take it easy and do not want to know and understand in detail about the advantages and wisdom gained from reading the Koran cause them not to read it. There are also some students make excuses not versed in reading the Koran because they are too lazy to do it.
The target group for this study consisted of 49 respondents, 33 females and 16 male from Semester 1 December intake session 2015 Diploma in Accountancy and Diploma in Tourism Management, Polytechnic Hulu Terengganu.
The researchers hope that this study can be used by everyone, especially by the Hulu Terengganu Polytechnic in planning all activities involving students from the polytechnic. This importance of the study are:
This study will be beneficial to the polytechnics and teachers to identify the problems faced by the students and find a formula to help them out of this crisis and problems. Therefore, the parties are expected to make short-term planning and long-term to ensure that Muslim students from the polytechnic can read the Koran perfectly in their daily life.
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 7(10)11-19, 2017
Design Review
This study was a descriptive study. According to [4], descriptive research is research that aims to explain a phenomenon that is taking place. The purpose of conducting research is to see the practice of obligatory prayer in student’s polytechnic semester 1 session in June 2015, and proposed a few suggestions that can increase the awareness of students to perform prayers.
Sample in this research was all student semester 1, June 2015 intake session. According to [4], population refers to a set of characteristics that indicate a particular observation or measurement of a group of individuals or objects.
The instrument is a tool to obtain data or samples. According to [5], instrument study also identifies the type of data collected and analyzed the influence of researchers.
Data collection techniques used in this study was the questionnaires. The questionnaire is the most widely used and popular in social science research. According to [5] stated the questionnaire is a tool used in the research to get information quickly and accurately especially in facts confidence, feelings and so on.
The questionnaire used was a Likert scale that require samples to answer questions given accordingly. The questionnaire is divided into four parts namely Part A (Demographics Respondents), Part B (Basic Knowledge of the Koran), Part C (Factors Affecting Students in Reading Al-Quran) and Part D (Practicing Reading Al-Quran among students).
The advantages of this form of question is the data gathered are easy to enter and analyze. While, the respondents does not need to provide a long to the question but merely indicate the appropriate answers within a short time.
The process of data collection is done through quantitative methods (questionnaires) and qualitative methods such as interviews.
Questionnaires were used as it can give respond to the problems of the study and the information required in addition to the involvement of many opportunities respondent [4]. The questionnaire can also reduce the possibility. The questionnaire were suitable because it is efficient, save costs and time to get much reaction from respondents with minimum supervision. Questionnaire construction also based on a number of assumptions as respondents easily understand the items, respondents have knowledge of the item and there is no compulsion in answering the questionnaire. A total of 500 respondents will be selected for this study representing three polytechnics [6]. The sample size is based on the sampling schedule [7] and table [8] with the level of reliability (significant) 95% and error of 5%. Data were collected through research instrument in the form of a questionnaire submitted to selected students.
Researchers conducting the survey, using a primary data that can be collected through questionnaire will be processed and then analyzed. Data analysis was performed after data collection. Data analysis is to describe the data that is collected to form a more concise and easy to understand.
The study population consisted of Muslim student’s semester 1 December 2015 session from the Polytechnic Hulu Terengganu. It involved 49 students ranging from first year students only. Before distributing the questionnaire, researchers have determined the sample size to 59 people which is about 100% of the total population.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Student related issues and problems related to students a basic understanding of the Koran can be summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Basic knowledge students’ pages Koran
Based on Table 1, percent of students who agree are as follows: A1 = 96%, A2 = 71%, A3 = 98%, A4 = 98%, A5 = 51%, A6 = 78%, A7 = 98%, A8 = 100%, A9 = 98%, A10 = 100% and A11 = 100%. For items that do not agree are as follows: A1 = 4%, A2 = 29%, A3 = 2%, A4 = 2%, A5 = 49%, A6 = 22%, A7 = 2%, A8 = 0%, A9 = 2% and A10 = A11 = 0%.
Accordingly, Figure 1 shows a summary of statistics on each item as a hint to Table 1. Summary of the analysis that can be made to show students the basic knowledge related to the Quran is high. They know Islam commands its followers to read the Koran every day and they are strongly encouraged to read the Quran, especially after every prayer. Students also learn the Muslims should make the Quran as a guide to life than reading the Quran will be able to find peace in life and so will be able to get closer to Allah. In addition, the students also know they have to perform ablution before reciting the Quran and need to learn relevant knowledge about a-Quran that will help recitation of Al-Quran reading becomes better and more effective. Summary and findings based on the statement percent above their consent in item A1 (96%), Item A3, A4 Item, Item A7, A9 of (98%) and Item A8, A10 and A11 of 100%.
Although in terms of total student basic knowledge related to the Quran is high, but there are still have students who do not know about the basic things related to the Quran which is important for students to know. In Table 1, it clearly shows a total of 24 respondents (49%) or almost half of the respondents do not know the rules of recitation is in the Quran as the science of recitation is obligatory and become a necessity for every Muslim to know to get perfection in reading the Koran. Students who read the Koran without proper recitation and reading sin will get will not get a reward from Allah Almighty.
In addition, despite the Table 1 also clearly shows a total of 11 respondents (22%) do not know what circumcision should be done if they would like to read the Quran, which is a necessity for every Muslim to know in order to get perfection in the reading of Al-Quran. Students who leave the matter of circumcision to be done when reading the Koran, reading Koran innocent and legitimate, but the reading was less reward from Allah.
Summary of the questionnaire form Table 1 showed that students know the most basic things related to the Quran, but there are still have students who do not know how to read the Koran correctly. In this study, there were 14 respondents (29%) do not know how to read the Koran correctly as taught by Islam. This figure reflects a lack of knowledge about how to read the Koran as its target the correct Islam. These findings indicate another sad thing has happened to these students where they are supposed to be a Muslim is required to know how to read the Koran properly as being told by Islam.
Issues and problems related to the factors that affect student in enculturation recitation of the Quran can be summarized as shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Factors affecting student in enculturation recitation of the Quran
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 7(10)11-19, 2017
According to Table 2, the percentage figures show the items agreed were as follows: B1 = 78%, B2 = 81%, B3 = 12%, B4 = 86%, B5 = 90%, B6 = 94%, B7 = 74%, B8 = 86%, B9 = 78% and B10 = 78%. It is contrary to the statement of the equal and agreed by the students is as follows: B1 (22%), B2 (18%), B3 (88%), B4 (14%), B5 (10%), B6 (6%) B7 (26%), B8 (14%) B9 (22%) and B10 (22%).
The analysis made shows the main factors that affect student in enculturation perform readings of the Koran is the role played by parents in addition to the role of the lecturers at the university itself. A total of 22% said the lecturers do not encourage students to read the Koran every day. This situation demands the attention of all parties, especially the management of polytechnics to look back on the role to be played by a lecturer mainly Muslim lecturers in educating and encouraging students to read the Koran every day. 22% of students did not read the Koran every day because there is no encouragement from the lecturers to the students. This is because reading the Quran a practice that was commanded by Islam.
In this analysis, it also found that other factors which affect the implementation of civilizing recitation of the Quran is the role of the polytechnic itself. A total of 88% (33 respondents) among students say they never attended any courses related to the Koran in this polytechnic. For Muslims, the Koran reading is important and highly recommended to all Muslim. For those who do not read the Koran can give a huge disadvantages to their life. Therefore, it is a good time for the management of polytechnics play a more active role in the awareness of students about the importance of culture to read the Quran in Muslim life. The polytechnic itself can plan an activities and programs related to the Quran, so that students can gathered the knowledge, understanding about the Quran and they can perform the reading of the Koran perfectly as demanded by Islam.
The analysis showed that there was among the main factors that influence students in reading the Quran was the parents. We cannot deny that parent play a big role in shaping the culture of reading the Quran. This can be demonstrated in this study in which 94% (46 respondents) said the parent who always advised to their children read the Quran every day was the main cause students recite the Koran every day. Besides, they are always send their son to read a Quran at home than parents also serve to guide and teach students to read the Quran properly. The parents themselves have to play the role of the teacher when at home so students proficient in reading increased Quran. Besides that, as much as 78% (38 respondents) said their parents had invited the teacher of the Koran to teach and guide students on how readers Koran correctly as taught by Islam than the parents of students who always took the students to know about yourself if you have read the Quran or not. They will also be angry if students do not read the Koran. Out of the situation described above can be concluded that the role of parents is essential and very significant towards the formation of the Al-Quran reading culture among students today. Summary and findings are based on a percentage of their approval in item B5, B6, B7, B8, B9 and B10.
Among other factors that are also less important influencing student reading the Quran is the lecturer. The results showed a 78% and 81% of respondents said that most of the lecturers to encourage students to read the Quran every day rather than they help students improve their Koran reading. Encouragement is one positive way done by the lecturers as motivation for students to continue to read the Koran. Motivation and encouragement are very important in stimulating an individual to perform a task perfectly. The lecturers should always encourage and motivate them to remain steadfast in the reading of Al-Quran. They should always encourage students to increase their reading performance over time.
In this case, the possibility of lecturers can use the method Talaqqi and Mushafahah the students take whereby a reading of the teachers by listening carefully reading teacher and see lip teacher, then directs students to repeat reading after them until the teacher is satisfied about the recital and students successfully read perfectly and pronunciation correct letter. This exercise can be done in the mosque and lecture rooms. Therefore, the management of polytechnics should take the initiative to encourage students joined the class. If the implementation is done in the mosque, immediately after the completion of Quran classes, the management polytechnic may require student to stay at the mosque at least for noon prayers. After praying, for little time available may be filled with religious sermon program by lecturers or students selected which would provide significant benefits to all pilgrims and students who present.
Issues and problems of acculturation recitation of the Quran among Muslims in daily life can be summarized as shown in Table 3.
No. Item Scale
Based on Table 1, percentage of students who agree are stated as follows: C1 (12%), C2 (36%), C3 (98%), C4 (80%), C5 (64%), C6 (78%), C7 (16 %) C8 (72%) C9 (46%) and C10 (66%). For items that do not agree are as follows: C1 (88%), C2 (64%), C3 (2%) C4 (20%), C5 (36%), C6 (22%), C7 (84%), C8 (28%), C9 (54%) and C10 (34%).
Analysis of Quran reading culture among students is an important aspect of this study. It will be the size of the main issues to study the culture of reading the Quran among students. Among the aspects studied are aspects of reading per day, seriousness in reading the Koran, the feeling when reading the Koran and so on. According to [10], Quran encourage people to read the Koran so they do not be like the Jews and Christians who are accusing each other but do not have a solution.
With regard on the question of reading the Quran every day, majority still say they do not read the Koran every day. Results showed about 88% of students did not read the Koran every day. This figure is quite alarming. It proves that there are still a lots of students who do not perform consistently in practice. They perform indifferently. It also reflects the ascetic question Koran no longer be a priority in their lives as a Muslim. They do not seem to feel guilty when they do not read the Koran every day. They should as a student is asked to read the Koran every day. According to [3], it is an advantage for those who read the Koran. Being a loss for those who do not know how to read the Quran also who can read the Koran but did not practice it. Messenger of Allah likens people who do not read the Koran as a home using. Sayidatina Aisha narrated that the Prophet Muhammad said:
Meaning: "People who are adept at reading the Quran, it will be with the angels, messengers of a noble while people read the Koran with a stammer and difficult to read, so for her two rewards".
From the above, it can be concluded saying that Muslims should allocate a little time to read the Koran. Islam gives great rewards to those who have always been committed and in reading the Koran.
The authors also examine the question of the seriousness of the students in the recitation of the Quran. Through the question remains whether they will recite the Quran even though in poor health, the analysis found 64% (31 respondents) said they will not read the Koran when they are not well. These results show the percentage of those who do not read the Koran when they are not feeling well are high. This happened due to lack of awareness among students about the advantages of those who read the Koran. We would be unfortunate if people cannot read even one verse each day. Therefore, Muslims must enhance student interest and awareness to read the Koran. Reading the Quran not only get a reward and a sense of serenity in life but more importantly the Koran itself is a great constitution in life, guidelines for success in the Muslim. The study also raised the question of a feeling of tranquillity during and after reading the Koran. The analysis found a total of 98% (48 respondents) said that they felt calm during and after reciting the Quran, while 25% (1 respondent) said otherwise. This means that they do not feel calm during and after reading the Koran. Usually, people who read the Koran they will feel more relaxed and will feel longing to Allah. On the other hand, for those who read the Koran but did not feel peace, it may be because they have not managed to understand and appreciate the verse being read and not focus solely on what they read. Appreciation of the Koran does not apply in them because of the shallow knowledge or do not understand the meaning of verses that are not causing any sweetness in performing the reading of the Koran.
The seriousness of respondents in improving the quality of the reading of the Koran were studied by the author. Researchers have come up with the question of whether the student continues to improve the way of reading the Koran from time to time. A total of 39 respondents (80%) of students said they always repair the recitation of the Quran from time to time, while 10 respondents (20%) say otherwise. Through this study, it is a portrait of a good situation where students are constantly improve the quality of reading the Quran. They seemed determined to improve the quality of the reading of the Koran towards the better reading. This happens because of the existence of
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 7(10)11-19, 2017
self-awareness in students about the importance and the need to improve the mastery of reading the Koran. For those who read the Koran with incorrect readings, they no longer think of worship would otherwise get sin and are cursed by Allah.
In this study, the authors also have expressed concern about the extent of students to memorize certain verses in the Quran with the intention of reading it in prayer. Through this research, it found out that a total of 64% (31 respondents) said they were trying to memorize certain verses in the Quran with the intention of reading it when praying. The remaining 36% (18 respondents) said they do not try to memorize the verses in the Quran. This figure is quite high to indicate students are not interested in memorizing verses course. Read the Koran and memorize its letters a practice that is encouraged. When the verses are memorized, they can read it during the prayers. Actually, it is very unfortunate if we do not try to memorize the verses in the Quran even though only one chapter. Therefore, students must instil to master the Quran from time to time.
Touch about the question of whether the respondents have tried to understand the meaning of the Quran is read, the results of the analysis revealed that the percentage of students who are trying to understand the meaning of the Quran is a high of 78% (38 respondents). This suggested that students aware of the need to understand the meaning of sentences for those that read it in prayer. Therefore, it is recommended that we try to allocate some time every day to memorize and understand the meanings. The more we understand the meaning of the Quran is read, the more fervent in our prayers.
About the issue of fiscal friend who misread the Koran, the study found that the percentage of students who do this are high. A total of 72% (35 respondents) said they never commented their friend, while 28% (14) behind the student said. The results of this analysis show there is part of the student who always concern about their friends reading. This situation has a portrait of us. This shows that there is still a culture of fiscal scolds when a friend is reading the Koran. In themselves, they still exist feeling responsible for their friend's negligence in the Koran.
The author also examines the attitudes of the respondent’s laziness reading of the Koran. The analysis found 46% (23 respondents) said they often feel lazy to read the Quran while 54% (26 respondents) said otherwise. The results of this study reflect the majority of the students have a feeling laziness in fulfilling the command of Allah (read Al-Quran). They do not seem to feel guilty when they are not be able to read the Koran. To avoid the lazy mood continues to plague students, they need to instil awareness of the need and importance of reading the Quran among Muslims every day. They must be aware of the reciter think of worship. By reading the Koran, hearts will feel calm and will bring you closer to God Almighty.
In terms of the question of Khatam Al-Quran, there is a 66% (33 respondents) said they had been following the entire Quran at least once in a lifetime while 34% (16 respondents) answered never Khatam Al-Quran throughout life. A high percentage of respondents who have managed to seal the Koran was revealed to us that students have a strong determination to continue to read the Koran. They are aware of the greatness of the Quran itself as a revelation was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, which is a comprehensive guide that covers all life aspects of human life.
Overall it can be concluded that in terms of acculturation reading the Quran among students it is still at a moderate level. The majority of respondents (66%) already seal the Koran. This shows that most respondents able to read the Koran only from the point of practicing reading the Koran still at a moderate level. This can be evidenced in question C1 Table 3, where only 12% (6 respondents) says that they always read the Koran every day.
As a result from the findings of a questionnaire carried out can be concluded that students are aware of the obligation to recite the Quran. They are also aware of the importance of reading the Quran. They also know that Muslims should make the Quran as a guide in life. However, there are still obstacles that effect of them in carrying out reading the Koran as lack of encouragement from lecturers to recite the Quran every day, internal factors such as the chairs and various other reasons perceived can be solved if various parties in the polytechnics co-operation together to solve this issue. In addition, the issue of Al-Quran and Al-Quran reading culture is an issue that will impact directly on the lives of the students. Although this study only focused on students in the only polytechnic, it can serve as an example which represented to all students in the polytechnic even for the same issue of the practice of prayer among other polytechnic students across the country.
The results of the analysis in Table 1-3, researchers have carried out several actions against the same group of students to solve problems that have previously been identified as follows:
Here is a comparison of the findings before and after the implementation of the action against the Al-Quran reading culture among students of Polytechnic Hulu Terengganu.
Review the actions proposed to be conducted in the future are:
Fardu Ain
• Review of the role of lecturers to help in improving the reading culture of the Quran among Muslims
The practice of reading Koran is a practice that is very precious in the sight of Allah. Reading the Quran is a practice that is encouraged by Allah. It is a practice that will be asked in the hereafter. Moreover, in addition to reading the Quran will be increased devotion to God and also became fort intact to protect the Muslim people from doing the work of shameful and unjust as well as to guide humans to regulate their lives on this earth. In the Koran, there any guidelines in terms of both economic, religious, political, and social. Thus, to gather the benefit of the Quran, Muslims must read, understand and practice what is outlined by Allah in the Quran and make it as a guide to mankind to achieve happiness and perfection in human life on this earth.
Results of the study showed that students have a heightened awareness of the obligation to recite the Quran. They know Islam commands its followers to read the Quran every day. People who deliberately do not want to read the Koran while they are able to do so. They would go bankrupt in the hereafter because they could not get the reward from reading the Quran. Reading the Quran acculturation among students is not enough to tell them to do any but needed to be understood and stabilization in terms of lessons to be drawn from the Koran. They must know and be able to master the sciences related to Quran Recitation such as Science, things of circumcision to read the
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 7(10)11-19, 2017
Quran, when things are forbidden to read the Koran and so on. From that time, the polytechnics should organize special programs related to the Quran as a special class of the Koran, camps enhancement of reading the Quran, daily reminders related to the Koran and so on. The responsibility and role to ensure the success of these programs should be shared by all parties, especially polytechnic lecturers and other individuals.